Courts Quiz

reposted from 3-29-2014

Article 3 Section 1

What part of the Constitution states that the National Judiciary has the authority to establish other courts as they see fit? This is part of Checks and Balances.

Article 3 Section 2

What part of the Constitution specifies the judicial power of the Supreme Court and discusses the Court's original and appellate jurisdiction?

Article 3 Section 3

What part of the Constitution defines treason, and mandates that at least two witnesses appear in such cases.

Article 3

What created the Constitutional Courts (94 District Courts, 12 U.S. Courts of Appeals, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, U.S. Court of International Trade)?

Article 1

What created the Special Courts (U.S. Court of Federal Claims, Territorial Courts, Courts of the District of Columbia, U.S. Tax Court, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims)?

Original Jurisdiction

What Federal court system has the right to head the case first?

Appellate Jurisdiction

What Federal Court System has the right to review the decision of the lower court?

No

Does the U.S. Court of Appeals have original Jurisdiction?

No

Does the U.S. District Courts have appellate Jurisdiction?

Federal Crimes

The U.S. District deals with what type of crimes?

Jurisdiction

What gives the court the power to hear a case?

Yes

Does the U.S. Supreme Court have both Appellate and Original Jurisdiction?

Judicial Restraint

What is it called when the judges are only there to apply the law? This is based on intent and precedent, they follow exactly what the law states.

Judicial Activism

What is it called when a judge understands how society changes so apply the law with the way things are moving? This is continuous ongoing changes

President

Who nominates the Supreme Court justices, as well as the federal court judges, who are then subject to the approval of the Senate?

13

How many federal judges have been impeached?

Congress

Who determines the salary for federal judges?

US Magistrate, Bankruptcy Judge, US Attorney, and Marshall

Each district has what Court Officers?

US Magistrates

Who can sign warrants, issue bail, and for minor cases they can make the final decision?

Marshall

Who is a Court Officer that is similar to the police, he/she escorts criminals to their trial.

Judicial Review

What refers to the power of a court to determine the Constitutionality of a government action?

Marbury v. Madison

What was the first court case where the Supreme Court asserted its power of Judicial review?

4/9

How many judges must agree that a case should be placed on the Court's docket?

Writ of Certiorari

What is an order to a lower court to send a record in a given case for its review?

Certification

What is it called when a lower court asks for the Court to certify the answer to a specific question in the matter?

Federal District Court

In appealing to the Supreme Court, what is the first step?

Federal Appeals Court

In appealing to the Supreme Court what is the second step?

The United States Supreme Court

In appealing to the Supreme Court what is the Third Step?

Supreme Court Rules on the Case

In appealing to the Supreme Court what is the 4th Step?

Oral Arguments

Once the Supreme Court accepts a case, it sets a date on which the lawyers on both sides will present these.

Briefs

What are written documents filled with the Court before oral arguments begin?

The Court in Conference

What is the Court Operation where the Chief Justice presides over a closed-door conference in which justices present their views on the case at hand.

Majority Opinion

What is formally called the Opinion of the Court that announces the Court's decision in a case and its reasoning on which it is based?

Precedents

What is the majority opinion which examples to be followed in similar cases as they arise in the lower courts or reach the Supreme Court?

Concurring Opinions

What are sometimes authorized by justices to add or emphasize a point that was not made in the majority opinion?

Dissenting Opinions

What are often written by those Justices who do not agree with the Court's majority opinion?

Court of Federal Claims

What court handles all pleas against acts of the United States government? And those who have claims against the United States can possibly secure redress through this court?

Territorial Courts

What courts under its power to govern the territories of the United States, Congress created courts for the nation's territories?

District of Columbia Courts

As directed in the Constitution, Congress established a system of courts for the "Seat of Government of the United States." This handles all local judicial matter for the district, including trials and appeals.

United Tax Court

What is the court that hears civil but not criminal cases involving disputes over the application of the tax laws?

Military Personnel

Who can get involved with the Military Courts?

Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces

What court is a civilian tribunal, a court operating as art of the judicial branch, entirely separate from the military establishment? This court reviews more serious convictions of members of the armed forces at a court-martial, or trial involving military law.

Court of Appeals for Veteran Claims

This court hears cases in which individuals claim that the Department of Veteran Affairs has denied or otherwise mishandled valid claims for veterans' benefits.